Facts About President James Garfield
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James A. Garfield’s presidency was brief, lasting just 200 days from March 4th to September 19th in 1881, but he still made a significant impact on politics and the nation. Born on November 19, 1831, in Ohio, Garfield was the 20th president of the United States. He rose to the presidency from being a schoolteacher, a Union general in the American Civil War, a Congressman, a Senator, and then finally, president. Here are some fascinating facts about President James Garfield.
Early Life and Education
James Garfield was born to Eliza and Abram Garfield, who were poor farmers in Orange Township, Ohio. His father passed away when he was just 18 months old, and from then on, he grew up in poverty with his mother and siblings. Despite the financial struggles, Garfield had a keen interest in learning and self-improvement. He became an avid reader, and at 16, he attended Geauga Seminary, where he became a talented public speaker.
Military Career
In 1861, James Garfield enlisted in the Union Army to fight in the Civil War. His career in the military was impressive, and he rose up through the ranks quickly. He was promoted to Brigadier General and helped lead the Union soldiers to several victories. He had commanded the 42nd Ohio Infantry, the Brigade of the Army of the Cumberland in the Battle of Chickamauga. Garfield played a crucial role in the Union’s early successes at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862.
Political Career
After the Civil War ended, James Garfield turned his attention to politics. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859, and then in Congress in 1863, where he served nine consecutive terms. He was a strong supporter of equal rights for African Americans and helped pass important civil rights legislation. In 1880, he became the Republican nominee for President of the United States, defeating Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock in a close race.
Assassination and Death
Unfortunately, James Garfield’s presidency was cut short by his assassination. On July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot by disgruntled office seeker Charles J. Guiteau while waiting for a train in a Washington, D.C. train station. The bullet entered his back and became lodged near his liver, which doctors could not find. The President remained alive and alert for 80 days as doctors tried to remove the bullet, but despite their desperate efforts, he died on September 19, 1881, from complications arising from his gunshot wound.
In conclusion, James Garfield’s presidency may have been one of the shortest, but his legacy lives on. Garfield left a significant mark on our nation through his military, political, and civil rights achievements. His assassination exposed the vulnerabilities of the presidency and led to important security measures being put in place. Though he may not have had the opportunity to fulfill his vision for the country, his remarkable journey from a poor farmer to the highest office in the land makes him one of America’s most fascinating presidents